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EBS 수능특강 영어영역 영어(2024)(2025 수능대비) Part 1 유형편 4권
EBS 수능특강 영어영역 영어(2024)(2025 수능대비) Part 1 유형편 4권
EBS 수능특강 영어영역 영어(2024)(2025 수능대비) Part 1 유형편 4권
18 장문 독해 (1) 05~06
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18 장문 독해 (1) 05~06
In all social systems, it is true that people's behavior is influenced by social rules and they are extraordinarily adaptable. One natural experiment involving baboons is instructive. A study in 2004 examined how a troop of baboons dominated by large and aggressive males changed after all those dominant males caught a disease and died. With only smaller, gentler males remaining, the culture of that troop underwent a dramatic shift, moving from a social structure characterized by widespread bullying and fighting to one with much more peaceful grooming. Conflict was still there, of course, but it tended to be resolved with peaceful methods, and the fighting that did happen was more between equally matched baboons, instead of a big one picking on a small one. Remarkably, the culture of that troop persisted even after all those original males had died off and were replaced by others coming in from outside. The new males were acculturated to the group norms, and learned to behave less generously. Obviously, humans are not baboons. But it seems highly possible that this is basically similar to why different human societies can have much different behavioral norms — consider premodern tribes who worshiped their ancestors and shared food in common, medieval peasants who accepted the divine right of kings and performed free labor for feudal lords, and people today who believe in democracy and corporate employment contracts. Human societies have much more complexity and choice than baboon societies, but the point is that behavioral norms are to a great degree the product of culture and learning, not the other way around.
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1 In all social systems, it is true that people's behavior is influenced by social rules and they are extraordinarily adaptable. 2 One natural experiment involving baboons is instructive. 3 A study in 2004 examined how a troop of baboons dominated by large and aggressive males changed after all those dominant males caught a disease and died. 4 With only smaller, gentler males remaining, the culture of that troop underwent a dramatic shift, moving from a social structure characterized by widespread bullying and fighting to one with much more peaceful grooming. 5 Conflict was still there, of course, but it tended to be resolved with peaceful methods, and the fighting that did happen was more between equally matched baboons, instead of a big one picking on a small one. 6 Remarkably, the culture of that troop persisted even after all those original males had died off and were replaced by others coming in from outside. 7 The new males were acculturated to the group norms, and learned to behave less generously. 8 Obviously, humans are not baboons. 9 But it seems highly possible that this is basically similar to why different human societies can have much different behavioral norms — consider premodern tribes who worshiped their ancestors and shared food in common, medieval peasants who accepted the divine right of kings and performed free labor for feudal lords, and people today who believe in democracy and corporate employment contracts. 10 Human societies have much more complexity and choice than baboon societies, but the point is that behavioral norms are to a great degree the product of culture and learning, not the other way around.