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Reading Expert 4(2020)
Reading Expert 4(2020)
Reading Expert 4(2020)
UNIT 10 - READING 2 Lunar Sample 14321
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UNIT 10 - READING 2 Lunar Sample 14321
In 1971, NASA's Apollo 14 mission landed on the surface of the moon. After taking photos and conducting some research, the astronauts collected moon rocks to bring back to Earth. One of these rocks is now getting a lot of attention. It is a nine-kilogram rock about the size of a basketball, officially known as sample 14321. This rock may have formed on Earth about 4 billion years ago. If so, it would be the oldest Earth rock ever found. The rock is made up of many small pieces stuck together. Most of them are dark and seem to be typical lunar material. One piece, however, is brighter than the rest and contains zircon, a mineral that is more commonly found on Earth than on the moon. Scientists analyzed the chemistry of the zircon and concluded that the piece found in sample 14321 formed in relatively cool, oxygen-rich magma that had been subjected to high pressure. These conditions are extremely rare on the moon. It's more likely that it formed about 20 kilometers beneath Earth's surface approximately 4 billion years ago. At that time, Earth's conditions would have closely matched the ones in which the piece is thought to have formed. But how did it end up on the moon? Billions of years ago, Earth was constantly being hit by asteroids and meteorites. Over time, these impacts may have driven the rock closer and closer to Earth's surface. Finally, a huge collision could have sent it flying through space until it crashed into the moon and was buried there. This assumption is plausible because the moon was three times closer to Earth than it is today. Later, another impact may have brought it up onto the moon's surface, where it remained until an astronaut picked it up. Sample 14321 could provide scientists with vital information about the geologic conditions on early Earth. It is also possible that there are rocks from other planets, such as Mars and Venus, on the moon's surface. These too would likely provide scientists with valuable data about the early solar system.
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1 In 1971, NASA's Apollo 14 mission landed on the surface of the moon. 2 After taking photos and conducting some research, the astronauts collected moon rocks to bring back to Earth. 3 One of these rocks is now getting a lot of attention. 4 It is a nine-kilogram rock about the size of a basketball, officially known as sample 14321. 5 This rock may have formed on Earth about 4 billion years ago. 6 If so, it would be the oldest Earth rock ever found. 7 The rock is made up of many small pieces stuck together. 8 Most of them are dark and seem to be typical lunar material. 9 One piece, however, is brighter than the rest and contains zircon, a mineral that is more commonly found on Earth than on the moon. 10 Scientists analyzed the chemistry of the zircon and concluded that the piece found in sample 14321 formed in relatively cool, oxygen-rich magma that had been subjected to high pressure. 11 These conditions are extremely rare on the moon. 12 It's more likely that it formed about 20 kilometers beneath Earth's surface approximately 4 billion years ago. 13 At that time, Earth's conditions would have closely matched the ones in which the piece is thought to have formed. 14 But how did it end up on the moon? 15 Billions of years ago, Earth was constantly being hit by asteroids and meteorites. 16 Over time, these impacts may have driven the rock closer and closer to Earth's surface. 17 Finally, a huge collision could have sent it flying through space until it crashed into the moon and was buried there. 18 This assumption is plausible because the moon was three times closer to Earth than it is today. 19 Later, another impact may have brought it up onto the moon's surface, where it remained until an astronaut picked it up. 20 Sample 14321 could provide scientists with vital information about the geologic conditions on early Earth. 21 It is also possible that there are rocks from other planets, such as Mars and Venus, on the moon's surface. 22 These too would likely provide scientists with valuable data about the early solar system.