negative 2
지문 분석결과
fico가 지문 학습에 필요한 것들을 구성하여 학습 효율성을 제공해 드립니다.
노트나 질문을 통해 자신만의 지문 노트를 만들어 관리해 보세요.
노트나 질문을 통해 자신만의 지문 노트를 만들어 관리해 보세요.
Fluency disorder
Fluency disorder
Fluency disorder
지문 전체 문장
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negative 2
A priest who counseled troubled couples to communicate better with each other could not say "communicate" or "communication" without stuttering badly. During his Sunday morning sermon, he could never say "communion" without hopelessly getting stuck on it. He simply avoided it. The priest substituted 'talk' or 'express' for 'communication and the Lord's supper for communication', but he was unhappy about his avoidance and word substitutions. He very much wanted to use the words he avoided. Circumlocution is another strategy that people who stutter use. They beat around the bush until the listener says the word they have been avoiding. Relieved, people who stutter then eagerly confirm it. People who stutter carefully avoid many speaking situations. Apparently, this kind of avoidance is age-old. The legend has it hat Moses stuttered and described himself as "slow of speech, and of a slow tongue". When he had to tell the phone of Israel what God had told him, he recruited his brother Aaron to be his spokesman. Taking a clue from Moses, an executive of a large manufacturing company, who did everything to avoid speaking on the telephone, hired an assistant just to talk on his behalf over the phone. The assistant, sitting next to the executive, relayed information back and forth like an interpreter of an foreign language. A 35-year-old woman would not order food at restaurants. She rarely went out alone to eat. A 23-year-old college student made sure that he never took a course in which oral presentations were mandatory. He met the instructor before registering for a class and made sure that there were no such assignments or that a written paper could be substituted. Another young man preferred to get lost in a city rather than to stop and ask someone for directions. Visiting Los Angeles for the first time, he found himself lost one evening while looking for a restaurant. After 2 hours of driving around, he had found only restaurants that were closed. Needless to say, his avoidance behavior kept him hungry and awake that night. Generally speaking, people who stutter tend to avoid strangers, formal audiences, counters where services or products are bought, telephones, restaurants, and self-introductions or other introductions. When such speaking situations cannot be avoided, people who stutter adopt other strategies, including word avoidance and circumlocution. Like with the associated motor behaviors, avoidance of words and speaking situations is not essential to the diagnosis of stuttering. It is the result of stuttering. The individuals would not have learned to avoid certain speaking situations if they did not stutter in those situations. Therefore, stuttering comes first, and the avoidance responses come next. However, avoidance of speaking situations, when combined with other evidence, strongly supports the diagnosis of stuttering. Practically all people who stutter report the experience of painful emotions associated with stuttering.
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