prevalence 1
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Fluency disorder
Fluency disorder
Fluency disorder
지문 전체 문장
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prevalence 1
Stuttering occurs in almost all societies of the world. However, some research suggests that it may be more prevalent in some societies than in others, but it is doubtful that stuttering is unheard of in any society. In the United States, roughly 1% of the general population stutters. Assuming a population of about 325 million people, there are more than 3.25 million people in the United States who stutter. Stuttering is more prevalent in school-age children than in the general population. Roughly 4% of school-age children stutter at one time or another. The prevalence is probably still higher in pre-school children. Stuttering in early childhood fluctuates across time. A child may stutter for a few days or weeks, and then the stuttering may suddenly disappear or gradually subside. In some cases, that is the end of it. In other cases, stuttering reappears gradually or with full force. One fourth of all children who stutter do so only for 6 months or less. As we noted before, depending on the age of onset, roughly one third recover from stuttering without professional help. Stuttering can be found in all walks of life. It can be found in individuals with intellectual disabilities and in those who are gifted. Philosophers, statesmen, kings, writers, and scientists have been among those who stutter. A well-established fact about the prevalence of stuttering is its gender ratio. Roughly four males stutter for every female who does. As noted before, more female than male children recover from stuttering. Still, many hypotheses have been advanced to explain this ratio. Both environmental and genetic factors have been suggested. An early environmental hypothesis was that parents expected the boys to excel in verbal skills, and therefore put undue pressure on them. According to that theory, the pressure took a toll on fluency. Currently, the hypothesis that the gender ratio is due to genetic factors is more attractive to many researchers. According to this hypothesis, stuttering may partly be an inherited disorder, at least in some individuals. The genetic hypothesis has received support from other kinds of data. As already noted, stuttering tends to run in families, which in itself is not evidence for the genetic hypothesis. Families may share similar environmental variables, which may account for the speech disorder. However, in combination with other kinds of evidence, it may support the genetic hypothesis. Another observation that supports the genetic hypothesis is the concordance rate observed in monozygotic twins.
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