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Lesions in different parts of the nervous system create different types of dysarthria.
The different types of dysarthria share many common speech problems, although different neuropathological factors create different clusters of symptoms.
Dysarthria is a complex motor speech disorder associated with varied causes and equally varied effects on the nervous system and speech production.
People who have dysarthria do not have significant behavioral or intellectual deficiencies except in cases where degenerative neurological diseases cause dysarthria and then eventually progress to dementia.
Damage to the cerebellum due to strokes, tumors, and traumatic brain injury, among several other factors, causes ataxia and ataxic dysarthria.
Ataxia is disturbed balance and sequenced movement due to damage to the cerebellar system.
Ataxic dysarthria is characterized by articulation disorders, slow speech, and prosodic problems because of excessive and uneven stress on syllables.
Monopitch, monoloudness, harsh voice, and a 'drunken' voice quality also may be part of ataxic dysarthria.
Damage to the cranial nerves that supply the muscles involved in speech and the spinal nerves that supply the diaphragm and the chest may cause flaccid muscles and flaccid dysarthria.
Physical trauma, surgical trauma or accidents, vascular diseases and brainstem strokes, polio and AIDS infections, degenerative neurological diseases like ALS, and several other conditions may damage the cranial and spinal nerves.
The speech symptoms of flaccid dysarthria are varied, depending on the nerves that are damaged.
For instance, when the facial nerve is damaged, articulation of speech sound is impaired.
Damage to the vagus nerve may cause breathiness of voice, diplophonia, reduced pitch and loudness, and some hypernasality.
Lesions in the pyramidal and extrapyramidal system cause spastic muscles and spastic dysarthria.
Weakness of facial muscles, including the tongue, may be striking in individuals with spastic dysarthria.
Strokes, traumatic brain injury, and various neurological diseases cause spastic dysarthria.
All aspects of speech, including articulation, phonation, and prosodic aspects, may be impaired in persons with spastic dysarthria.
Individuals with spastic dysarthria also may have swallowing disorders.
Damage to the basal ganglia causes hyperkinetic dysarthria and hyperkinesia, which is excessive and involuntary movement of muscles.
Such movements include tics, tremors, and involuntary jerks.
This type of dysarthria is often associated with Huntington's disease, a neurologic degenerative disease.
Speech disorders include slow and imprecise articulation, unpredictable speech errors, variable speech rate, monopitch, monoloudness or excessive variations in loudness of voice, harsh voice, and intermittent hypernasality.
Speech symptoms vary depending on the dominant neurological symptom of the client.
Tremors, random and involuntary movements, involuntary jerks, or other neurologic symptoms may dominate in individual cases.
Damage to basal ganglia also cause this type of dysarthria.
The neurodegenerative Parkinson's disease, strokes, and traumatic brain injury, among several other factors, are the frequent causes of hypokinetic dysarthria.
The major neurological symptom is hypokinesia, which is reduced movement and decreased range of motion due to increased tone of muscles.
Individuals with Parkinson's disease exhibit tremors of the face, moth, and limbs.
Voice disorders include a hoarse, breathy, and unsteady voice with monopitch and monoloudness.
Imprecise articulation of speech sounds, a mild hypernaslity in some cases, and irregular of fast breathing are additional features of this type of dysarthria.
When the damage is limited to motor neurons in only one hemisphere, the result is unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria.
The speech problems associated with upper motor neuron dysarthria are less severe than in other forms of dysarthria because when only the one side of the brain is affected, the other, unaffected, side continues to control the speech muscles, which are normally controlled bilaterally.
Vascular disorders leading to strokes are the main cause of upper motor neuron dysarthria.
Phonatory, articulatory, and prosodic problems are seen in about 20% of clients who have unilateral lesions in the upper motor neurons.
When more than one type of dysarthria is present in the same client, the diagnosis is mixed dysarthria.
Multiple factors, including multiple strokes and coexistence of strokes and Parkinson's disease, may cause more than one variety of dysarthria in the same individual.
Combination of flaccid and spastic dysarthrias are common.
Ataxic-spastic combinations are less frequent.
In a few individuals, three types may coexist.
Some 30% of all individuals with dysarthria have mixed types.
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상세한 구문 분석을 보고 싶은 문장을 선택하세요.
1
Lesions in different parts of the nervous system create different types of dysarthria.
2
The different types of dysarthria share many common speech problems, although different neuropathological factors create different clusters of symptoms.
3
Dysarthria is a complex motor speech disorder associated with varied causes and equally varied effects on the nervous system and speech production.
4
People who have dysarthria do not have significant behavioral or intellectual deficiencies except in cases where degenerative neurological diseases cause dysarthria and then eventually progress to dementia.
5
Damage to the cerebellum due to strokes, tumors, and traumatic brain injury, among several other factors, causes ataxia and ataxic dysarthria.
6
Ataxia is disturbed balance and sequenced movement due to damage to the cerebellar system.
7
Ataxic dysarthria is characterized by articulation disorders, slow speech, and prosodic problems because of excessive and uneven stress on syllables.
8
Monopitch, monoloudness, harsh voice, and a 'drunken' voice quality also may be part of ataxic dysarthria.
9
Damage to the cranial nerves that supply the muscles involved in speech and the spinal nerves that supply the diaphragm and the chest may cause flaccid muscles and flaccid dysarthria.
10
Physical trauma, surgical trauma or accidents, vascular diseases and brainstem strokes, polio and AIDS infections, degenerative neurological diseases like ALS, and several other conditions may damage the cranial and spinal nerves.
11
The speech symptoms of flaccid dysarthria are varied, depending on the nerves that are damaged.
12
For instance, when the facial nerve is damaged, articulation of speech sound is impaired.
13
Damage to the vagus nerve may cause breathiness of voice, diplophonia, reduced pitch and loudness, and some hypernasality.
14
Lesions in the pyramidal and extrapyramidal system cause spastic muscles and spastic dysarthria.
15
Weakness of facial muscles, including the tongue, may be striking in individuals with spastic dysarthria.
16
Strokes, traumatic brain injury, and various neurological diseases cause spastic dysarthria.
17
All aspects of speech, including articulation, phonation, and prosodic aspects, may be impaired in persons with spastic dysarthria.
18
Individuals with spastic dysarthria also may have swallowing disorders.
19
Damage to the basal ganglia causes hyperkinetic dysarthria and hyperkinesia, which is excessive and involuntary movement of muscles.
20
Such movements include tics, tremors, and involuntary jerks.
21
This type of dysarthria is often associated with Huntington's disease, a neurologic degenerative disease.
22
Speech disorders include slow and imprecise articulation, unpredictable speech errors, variable speech rate, monopitch, monoloudness or excessive variations in loudness of voice, harsh voice, and intermittent hypernasality.
23
Speech symptoms vary depending on the dominant neurological symptom of the client.
24
Tremors, random and involuntary movements, involuntary jerks, or other neurologic symptoms may dominate in individual cases.
25
Damage to basal ganglia also cause this type of dysarthria.
26
The neurodegenerative Parkinson's disease, strokes, and traumatic brain injury, among several other factors, are the frequent causes of hypokinetic dysarthria.
27
The major neurological symptom is hypokinesia, which is reduced movement and decreased range of motion due to increased tone of muscles.
28
Individuals with Parkinson's disease exhibit tremors of the face, moth, and limbs.
29
Voice disorders include a hoarse, breathy, and unsteady voice with monopitch and monoloudness.
30
Imprecise articulation of speech sounds, a mild hypernaslity in some cases, and irregular of fast breathing are additional features of this type of dysarthria.
31
When the damage is limited to motor neurons in only one hemisphere, the result is unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria.
32
The speech problems associated with upper motor neuron dysarthria are less severe than in other forms of dysarthria because when only the one side of the brain is affected, the other, unaffected, side continues to control the speech muscles, which are normally controlled bilaterally.
33
Vascular disorders leading to strokes are the main cause of upper motor neuron dysarthria.
34
Phonatory, articulatory, and prosodic problems are seen in about 20% of clients who have unilateral lesions in the upper motor neurons.
35
When more than one type of dysarthria is present in the same client, the diagnosis is mixed dysarthria.
36
Multiple factors, including multiple strokes and coexistence of strokes and Parkinson's disease, may cause more than one variety of dysarthria in the same individual.
37
Combination of flaccid and spastic dysarthrias are common.
38
Ataxic-spastic combinations are less frequent.
39
In a few individuals, three types may coexist.
40
Some 30% of all individuals with dysarthria have mixed types.
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