alzheimer, pick, huntington, parkinson
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neurological communicative
neurological communicative
neurological communicative
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alzheimer, pick, huntington, parkinson
The most common form of progressive dementia is associated with this disease. 50% of all dementias are due to Alzheimer's disease. In a majority of cases, Alzheimer's disease onset occurs in people who are 70 years or older. Because of their longevity, more females than males have the disease. Alzheimer's disease may be more common in Whites than in African Americans. Down syndrome and a family history of Alzheimer's disease are known risk factors. Gene abnormalities on several chromosomes have been associated with Alzheimer's disease. The main neuropathology that causes Alzheimer's disease includes neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and neuronal loss in the brain. Dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease progresses slowly. Mild symptoms of the initial stag gradually intensify and become progressively more debilitating. A neuronal disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain and may lead to dementia is called Pick's disease. Onset occurs between the ages of 40 and 60 years. Because of the involvement of the frontal and temporal regions of the brain, the dementia associated with Pick's disease is classified as frontotemporal dementia. Pick's disease is considered a major form of non-Alzheimer's disease dementia. Abnormalities on chromosome 17 are suspected causes of the disease. With a gradual onset, individuals with Pick's disease become entirely different persons, exhibiting uncharacteristic profanity, irresponsibility, irreverence, and disregard for social convention. If the neuropathological changes are dominant in the left hemisphere, a more pronounced language deterioration may be evident. If the changes are dominant in the right hemisphere, behavioral changes are more pronounced. Intellectual deterioration follows behavioral or language changes. An inherited disease, Huntington's disease is caused by an abnormality on chromosome 4. With a typical age of onset of 35 to 40 years, this disease begins earlier than most other neurodegenerative diseases. In a small number of cases, the disease may begin before age 20 years. The main neurological symptom characteristic of Huntington's disease is chorea, which is the irregular, spasmodic, involuntary movement of the limbs, neck, head, and facial muscles. Memory and communication problems follow. Individuals with Huntington's disease exhibit behavioral changes and depression and euphoria. Dysphagia, sleep disturbance, and incontinence are observed in the final stage of the disease. A disease that is more common in males than in females, Parkinson's disease affects 1 in 100 men after age 50 years. The average age of onset is 60 years. Genetic factors are thought to be important, although no gene has been isolated for the disease. Certain environmental factors, including exposure to pesticides and herbicides, rural living, and drinking well water, have been suggested as contributing factors. Predominantly, a movement disorder, Parkinson's disease is characterized by immobility or slow voluntary movements, tremors in the resting muscles that are exaggerated with stress and diminished during voluntary activities, increased muscle tone, disturbed gait and posture, a tendency to freeze during movement, and swallowing problems. Some 30% to 40% of persons with Parkinson's disease develop dementia.
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