3과 Tricks behind statistics - 3
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3과 Tricks behind statistics - 3
People can also get the wrong idea from statistics when a sample is not random. For example, a restaurant may put survey cards on the tables, hoping to know what most customers think about its food, service, or atmosphere. However, few cards will be filled out by normal customers, because they don't have any reason to do so. Only those with strongly positive or negative reactions are likely to respond to the survey. This method of choosing a sample is called "voluntary response sampling." Such samples are biased in favor of strong opinions and underrepresent the moderate ones. Therefore, when you see a statistic, remember that the sample is just as important as the statistic itself. How many people were in the sample? Who were they? If you don't know, be careful not to leap to conclusions. ABC Corporation wants to hire some employees. In order to look like a well-paying company and to recruit competent candidates, the company decides to distribute a press release that says the average yearly salary of its employees is $57,000, which is quite high. However, the fact is that more than half of its employees earn no more than $30,000 or less a year, and the most common salary for employees is only $20,000. Did the company spread false information? How is this possible? It's because the company used the trap of averages. Averages can show different pictures depending on which type is chosen. To understand the meaning of different types of averages, let's look at the illustration on the next page.
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