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grammatical morpheme 2
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grammatical morpheme 2
Visiting the children in their home once every 2 weeks, Brown recorded language samples, and analyzed the stages of development. In measuring the changes in language produced by the children, Brown used a concept called the mean length of utterance. The Mean Length of Utterance is the average length of a child's multiple utterances. The length is measured in terms of morphemes, both bound and free. For example, the utterance "mommy come" has two free morphemes, both individual words, but the utterance "mommy's hat" has three morphemes. Mean Length of Utterance is widely used to measure language learning and language behaviors in children. Two children exhibiting the same mean length of utterance are at the same level of language acquisition. According to Brown's analysis, the children acquired the grammatical morphemes in roughly the same sequence. For example, all three mastered the production of the present progressive 'ing' before the other morphemes. The children next mastered the prepositions 'in' and 'on'. Then they mastered the regular plural inflection, followed by irregular past tense and other morphemes. The contractible copula and the contractible auxiliary were the last morphemes the children mastered. A cross-sectional study showed a similar sequence of learning the 14 grammatical morphemes Brown studied. Most researchers have concluded that Brown's description of the order of grammatical morpheme learning is typical of most normally developing children. Nonetheless, the order is not invariable across children, and it is not insensitive to environmental input, as Brown and others often claimed in the 1970s and 1980s. Subsequent research has shown that the order can be changed by explicitly teaching more advanced grammatical features to young children and that parent normally implicitly teach language to their children in various ways. If parents adopt different strategies to teach language skills to children, to known sequences of language acquisition may be different.
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1 Visiting the children in their home once every 2 weeks, Brown recorded language samples, and analyzed the stages of development. 2 In measuring the changes in language produced by the children, Brown used a concept called the mean length of utterance. 3 The Mean Length of Utterance is the average length of a child's multiple utterances. 4 The length is measured in terms of morphemes, both bound and free. 5 For example, the utterance "mommy come" has two free morphemes, both individual words, but the utterance "mommy's hat" has three morphemes. 6 Mean Length of Utterance is widely used to measure language learning and language behaviors in children. 7 Two children exhibiting the same mean length of utterance are at the same level of language acquisition. 8 According to Brown's analysis, the children acquired the grammatical morphemes in roughly the same sequence. 9 For example, all three mastered the production of the present progressive 'ing' before the other morphemes. 10 The children next mastered the prepositions 'in' and 'on'. 11 Then they mastered the regular plural inflection, followed by irregular past tense and other morphemes. 12 The contractible copula and the contractible auxiliary were the last morphemes the children mastered. 13 A cross-sectional study showed a similar sequence of learning the 14 grammatical morphemes Brown studied. 14 Most researchers have concluded that Brown's description of the order of grammatical morpheme learning is typical of most normally developing children. 15 Nonetheless, the order is not invariable across children, and it is not insensitive to environmental input, as Brown and others often claimed in the 1970s and 1980s. 16 Subsequent research has shown that the order can be changed by explicitly teaching more advanced grammatical features to young children and that parent normally implicitly teach language to their children in various ways. 17 If parents adopt different strategies to teach language skills to children, to known sequences of language acquisition may be different.