semantic, morphological, syntactic
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노트나 질문을 통해 자신만의 지문 노트를 만들어 관리해 보세요.
노트나 질문을 통해 자신만의 지문 노트를 만들어 관리해 보세요.
language learning
language learning
language learning
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semantic, morphological, syntactic
A slow learning of words and word meanings is an early sign of language disorder. The child may not learn to say the first few words until he or she is 2 or even 3 years old. After the child learns to say things like 'mama', 'doggie', 'kitty', or 'nighty-night', the child's rate of new word learning may be extremely slow. In other words, the child's vocabulary does not grow at a normal rate. Words that are learned may not be readily produced. The child may have difficulty remembering the words. The semantic problems also are evident in the kinds of words a child with a language disability tends to learn. At his or her own slow rate, the child tends to learn simpler and frequently used words more readily than more complex and less frequently used words. Concrete words are more easily learned than abstract words. The child's vocabulary may be limited to the names of a few objects and people, but abstract words may be missing. The child with a language disorder may not understand the meanings of spoken words. Many theorists believe that semantic problems are due to cognitive problems. That is, the child may have difficulty in learning the concepts that underlie word meanings, although this is an inference based on the observed difficulty in understanding words. The morphological aspect refers to various ways in which words are formed and modified to change meaning. This aspect also includes grammatical morphemes such as the plural and possessive inflections, articles which are 'the' and 'a', regular past tense, and many others. Difficulty in mastering the morphological features of language is a dominant aspect of childhood language disorders. The child continues to use words and phrases without adding grammatical morphemes. When the morphological elements are missing, the utterances become grammatically incomplete. The utterances are more like telegrams. Only the most essential words are used, and certain grammatical elements are omitted. Therefore, this kind of speech often is described as telegraphic. Syntax is the arrangement of words into meaningful sentences. Syntactic problems are difficulties in sentence construction, as expressed in grammatically inappropriate forms. The child with language disorders speaks in short or incomplete sentences. The word order may be incorrect. The child's sentences may lack variety. Only simple, active, declarative sentences may be produced. Complex or unusual forms of sentences such as passive sentences may be acquired very late or not at all. Syntactic problems may be more pronounced in the comprehension of spoken language. The child may be unable to understand longer, complex, or unusual types of sentences.
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