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A Theragnostic HIFU Transducer and System for Inherently Registered Imaging and Therapy
A Theragnostic HIFU Transducer and System for Inherently Registered Imaging and Therapy
A Theragnostic HIFU Transducer and System for Inherently Registered Imaging and Therapy
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Demonstrated that the acoustic signals emitted from HIFU focal region were correlated with the tissue temperature, and showed that the HIFU-induced lesion emitted acoustic signals at different amplitudes when compared with the normal tissue [27], [28], [29]. Similarly, harmonic motion imaging (HMI), developed by Konofagou and colleagues, used modulated oscillating acoustic radiation as the basis for locating the focal region and monitoring lesions [30], [31]. For HIFU monitoring, one major advantage of the HMI is that it can monitor the ablation procedure during the HIFU sonication, which makes the HMI method attractive when compared with other techniques, including the ARF-based method. However, the HMI needs a separate ultrasound imaging transducer so it does not have the property of self-registration between imaging and therapy. Previous studies mainly focused on using theVA or its derivatives for monitoring the ablation dose. The fact that this VA method is actually ideal for HIFU applications in the surgery planning and evaluation has not been realized in the literature. More specifically, the diseased tissue and its surrounding area can be imaged first with the HIFU transducer itself based on the VA method. Then the obtained VA image together with its corresponding raster scanning index, can be used as a roadmap to guide the same HIFU transducer to only 'hit and heat' the chosen diseased tissue. The big advantage here is that the acoustic passages in the imaging and the therapy are almost the same, except that transmitted acoustic energy is higher in the therapy procedure. Therefore, there is no need to register between the therapy and the image guidance in space. Following the therapy, a second VA scanning may reveal changes in the acoustic and mechanical properties of the target tissue, making VA also a valuable method of evaluating damage to tissue. This study aims to implement the concept of combining VA imaging with HIFU ablation using one HIFU transducer, and to explore the unique advantages of such an integrated system when planning and evaluating HIFU procedures. Detailed descriptions on how to upgrade a clinical HIFU system to a theragnostic system were first given, followed by basic analysis of the imaging modality with in-vitro and ex-vivo experiments. Advantages of the proposed technique in terms of its effectiveness in HIFU planning and evaluation were also demonstrated.
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1 Demonstrated that the acoustic signals emitted from HIFU focal region were correlated with the tissue temperature, and showed that the HIFU-induced lesion emitted acoustic signals at different amplitudes when compared with the normal tissue [27], [28], [29]. 2 Similarly, harmonic motion imaging (HMI), developed by Konofagou and colleagues, used modulated oscillating acoustic radiation as the basis for locating the focal region and monitoring lesions [30], [31]. 3 For HIFU monitoring, one major advantage of the HMI is that it can monitor the ablation procedure during the HIFU sonication, which makes the HMI method attractive when compared with other techniques, including the ARF-based method. 4 However, the HMI needs a separate ultrasound imaging transducer so it does not have the property of self-registration between imaging and therapy. 5 Previous studies mainly focused on using theVA or its derivatives for monitoring the ablation dose. 6 The fact that this VA method is actually ideal for HIFU applications in the surgery planning and evaluation has not been realized in the literature. 7 More specifically, the diseased tissue and its surrounding area can be imaged first with the HIFU transducer itself based on the VA method. 8 Then the obtained VA image together with its corresponding raster scanning index, can be used as a roadmap to guide the same HIFU transducer to only 'hit and heat' the chosen diseased tissue. 9 The big advantage here is that the acoustic passages in the imaging and the therapy are almost the same, except that transmitted acoustic energy is higher in the therapy procedure. 10 Therefore, there is no need to register between the therapy and the image guidance in space. 11 Following the therapy, a second VA scanning may reveal changes in the acoustic and mechanical properties of the target tissue, making VA also a valuable method of evaluating damage to tissue. 12 This study aims to implement the concept of combining VA imaging with HIFU ablation using one HIFU transducer, and to explore the unique advantages of such an integrated system when planning and evaluating HIFU procedures. 13 Detailed descriptions on how to upgrade a clinical HIFU system to a theragnostic system were first given, followed by basic analysis of the imaging modality with in-vitro and ex-vivo experiments. 14 Advantages of the proposed technique in terms of its effectiveness in HIFU planning and evaluation were also demonstrated.