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A Theragnostic HIFU Transducer and System for Inherently Registered Imaging and Therapy
A Theragnostic HIFU Transducer and System for Inherently Registered Imaging and Therapy
A Theragnostic HIFU Transducer and System for Inherently Registered Imaging and Therapy
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To demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed VA imaging for therapeutic planning and evaluation, a range of experiments from in vitro situations to ex-vivo trials were conducted in the following ways. 1) In-Vitro Experiments: Atissue-mimicking phantomwas first used to preliminarily prove the feasibility of the proposed concept. In the phantom, a cylinder-shaped part, made of agar (1%), graphite power (0.5%) and deionized water, was embedded by agar-based material (1% agar and deionized water). The whole phantom was submerged in the water tank and scanned by the proposed imaging method on a plane cross-sectioning the cylinder (Fig. 5). Based on anatomical information of the object provided by the VA image and its corresponding raster index for each pixel, the robotic arm was programmed to 'burn out' a pattern of the four letters 'HIFU' in the middle of the cylinder shape, each letter having the height of 8 mm and width of 4 mm. The ablation procedure lasted for 1s at each raster position with an acoustic power of 15W and a step size of 0.5 mm. After that, the imaging procedure was repeated in the same way as before to check whether the ablation happened and only happened at the designed places. 2) Ex-Vivo Experiments: To further demonstrate capabilities of the proposed method, three types of fresh ex-vivo animal tissue (beef liver tissue, beef heart tissue and pork tenderloin) were used as testing objects. According to (16), one predominant parameter that the VA imaging method depicts is the tissue's mechanical properties, of which stiffness is a major one. In many situations, diseased tissues indeed have higher stiffness when compared with healthy tissue. Therefore, in this study agargraphite- based material (1% agar, 0.5% graphite and deionized water)was used again to act as the diseased object due to its high stiffness than normal animal tissue. The phantom material was made to have a cylinder shape and was buried within the ex-vivo animal tissue. Each of the three ex-vivo models was firstly scanned by the proposed system under its imaging modality to form a 2D image at the focal plane. Guided by the obtained VA image, some geometric patterns were then "burned out" under the HIFU modality at an acoustic power of about 15 W. Lastly, for each ex-vivo model, the VA image was generated again as previously, aiming to demonstrate its capability of evaluating the effect of HIFU ablation. Stepping sizes of the robot arm for imaging and treatment were 1mmand 0.5mmrespectively. The procedure complied with the guidelines approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethical Committee of the Zoology Center at Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing, China).
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1 To demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed VA imaging for therapeutic planning and evaluation, a range of experiments from in vitro situations to ex-vivo trials were conducted in the following ways. 2 1) In-Vitro Experiments: Atissue-mimicking phantomwas first used to preliminarily prove the feasibility of the proposed concept. 3 In the phantom, a cylinder-shaped part, made of agar (1%), graphite power (0.5%) and deionized water, was embedded by agar-based material (1% agar and deionized water). 4 The whole phantom was submerged in the water tank and scanned by the proposed imaging method on a plane cross-sectioning the cylinder (Fig. 5). 5 Based on anatomical information of the object provided by the VA image and its corresponding raster index for each pixel, the robotic arm was programmed to 'burn out' a pattern of the four letters 'HIFU' in the middle of the cylinder shape, each letter having the height of 8 mm and width of 4 mm. 6 The ablation procedure lasted for 1s at each raster position with an acoustic power of 15W and a step size of 0.5 mm. 7 After that, the imaging procedure was repeated in the same way as before to check whether the ablation happened and only happened at the designed places. 8 2) Ex-Vivo Experiments: To further demonstrate capabilities of the proposed method, three types of fresh ex-vivo animal tissue (beef liver tissue, beef heart tissue and pork tenderloin) were used as testing objects. 9 According to (16), one predominant parameter that the VA imaging method depicts is the tissue's mechanical properties, of which stiffness is a major one. 10 In many situations, diseased tissues indeed have higher stiffness when compared with healthy tissue. 11 Therefore, in this study agargraphite- based material (1% agar, 0.5% graphite and deionized water)was used again to act as the diseased object due to its high stiffness than normal animal tissue. 12 The phantom material was made to have a cylinder shape and was buried within the ex-vivo animal tissue. 13 Each of the three ex-vivo models was firstly scanned by the proposed system under its imaging modality to form a 2D image at the focal plane. 14 Guided by the obtained VA image, some geometric patterns were then "burned out" under the HIFU modality at an acoustic power of about 15 W. Lastly, for each ex-vivo model, the VA image was generated again as previously, aiming to demonstrate its capability of evaluating the effect of HIFU ablation. 15 Stepping sizes of the robot arm for imaging and treatment were 1mmand 0.5mmrespectively. 16 The procedure complied with the guidelines approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethical Committee of the Zoology Center at Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing, China).