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지문 분석결과
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외고2 26년 1학기 원서 1,2과_2 외고2 26년 1학기 원서 1,2과_2
외고2 26년 1학기 원서 1,2과_2
외고2 26년 1학기 원서 1,2과_2
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8-2
One way to begin is to notice how moral reflection emerges naturally from an encounter with a hard moral question. We start with an opinion, or a conviction, about the right thing to do: "Turn the trolley onto the side track." Then we reflect on the reason for our conviction, and seek out the principle on which it is based: "Better to sacrifice one life to avoid the death of many." Then, confronted with a situation that confounds the principle, we are pitched into confusion: "I thought it was always right to save as many lives as possible, and yet it seems wrong to push the man off the bridge (or to kill the unarmed goat-herds)." Feeling the force of that confusion, and the pressure to sort it out, is the impulse to philosophy. Confronted with this tension, we may revise our judgment about the right thing to do, or rethink the principle we initially espoused. As we encounter new situations, we move back and forth between our judgments and our principles, revising each in light of the other. This turning of mind, from the world of action to the realm of reasons and back again, is what moral reflection consists in. This way of conceiving moral argument, as a dialectic between our judgments about particular situations and the principles we affirm on reflection, has a long tradition. It goes back to the dialogues of Socrates and the moral philosophy of Aristotle. But notwithstanding its ancient lineage, it is open to the following challenge: If moral reflection consists in seeking a fit between the judgments we make and the principles we affirm, how can such reflection lead us to justice, or moral truth? Even if we succeed, over a lifetime, in bringing our moral intuitions and principled commitments into alignment, what confidence can we have that the result is anything more than a self-consistent skein of prejudice?
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1 One way to begin is to notice how moral reflection emerges naturally from an encounter with a hard moral question. 2 We start with an opinion, or a conviction, about the right thing to do: "Turn the trolley onto the side track." 3 Then we reflect on the reason for our conviction, and seek out the principle on which it is based: "Better to sacrifice one life to avoid the death of many." 4 Then, confronted with a situation that confounds the principle, we are pitched into confusion: "I thought it was always right to save as many lives as possible, and yet it seems wrong to push the man off the bridge (or to kill the unarmed goat-herds)." 5 Feeling the force of that confusion, and the pressure to sort it out, is the impulse to philosophy. 6 Confronted with this tension, we may revise our judgment about the right thing to do, or rethink the principle we initially espoused. 7 As we encounter new situations, we move back and forth between our judgments and our principles, revising each in light of the other. 8 This turning of mind, from the world of action to the realm of reasons and back again, is what moral reflection consists in. 9 This way of conceiving moral argument, as a dialectic between our judgments about particular situations and the principles we affirm on reflection, has a long tradition. 10 It goes back to the dialogues of Socrates and the moral philosophy of Aristotle. 11 But notwithstanding its ancient lineage, it is open to the following challenge: If moral reflection consists in seeking a fit between the judgments we make and the principles we affirm, how can such reflection lead us to justice, or moral truth? 12 Even if we succeed, over a lifetime, in bringing our moral intuitions and principled commitments into alignment, what confidence can we have that the result is anything more than a self-consistent skein of prejudice?